Items21The creator’s order
- 1
Domitila ChúngaraA tin miner's wife from Siglo XX, Chúngara joined the hunger strike begun by four miners' wives in December 1977 that spread to more than a thousand people and forced Hugo Banzer to grant an amnesty and call elections in 1978. Bolivia then went through several coups before civilian rule held in…0i - 2
Azucena VillaflorBorn 7 Apr 1924Villaflor began the weekly marches of mothers of the disappeared in the Plaza de Mayo in April 1977, a protest the Argentine junta could not easily ban. She was abducted and killed later that year, but the Mothers' persistence kept the disappearances in public view and shaped the demand for truth…0i - 3
Adolfo Pérez EsquivelBorn 26 Nov 1931Pérez Esquivel's network Servicio Paz y Justicia documented abuses across the region, and his imprisonment and torture by the Argentine junta preceded his 1980 Nobel Peace Prize. The award gave international cover to human rights groups working inside dictatorships.0i - 4
Raúl AlfonsínBorn 12 Mar 1927Elected in 1983 after the Falklands defeat discredited the military, Alfonsín created the CONADEP truth commission and allowed the 1985 Trial of the Juntas in civilian courts, which convicted former rulers including Videla. Under military pressure his government then passed the Full Stop and Due…0i - 5
Ernesto SabatoBorn 24 Jun 1911The novelist chaired CONADEP, whose 1984 report Nunca Más documented nearly 9,000 disappearances and became evidence in the Trial of the Juntas. Its preface's framing of violence from both left and right, later revised, remains part of Argentina's debate over memory.0i - 6
Estela de CarlottoBorn 22 Oct 1930Carlotto has led the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo since 1989, searching for children taken from detained parents; the group's push for a national genetic data bank has identified well over a hundred grandchildren. In 2014 she found her own grandson, showing how a transition's unfinished business…0i - 7
Wilson Ferreira AldunateUruguay's leading opposition figure was jailed on his return from exile in 1984 and so barred from the election negotiated in the Naval Club Pact. He then backed the 1986 law that shielded the military from prosecution as the price of stability, a choice Uruguayan voters upheld in referendums in…0 - 8
Julio María SanguinettiBorn 6 Jan 1936Sanguinetti helped negotiate the 1984 Naval Club Pact with the military and became Uruguay's first president after the dictatorship, governing from 1985. He backed the Expiry Law on prosecutions, an example of a pacted transition that restored elections quickly while postponing justice.0i - 9
Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaBorn 27 Oct 1945Lula enters here for the metalworkers' strikes he led in São Paulo's ABC region from 1978 to 1980, which broke the military regime's control of labour and led to the founding of the Workers' Party. His later presidencies, conviction and its annulment are a separate and contested story; he was…0i - 10
Paulo Evaristo ArnsBorn 14 Sept 1921The cardinal archbishop of São Paulo sheltered dissidents and, with Presbyterian minister Jaime Wright, secretly copied military court records for the 1985 report Brasil: Nunca Mais. Because Brazil's 1979 amnesty law covered torturers, that report was for decades the main public reckoning.0i
