Items20The creator’s order
  1. 1Otto von BismarckOtto von BismarckBorn 1 Apr 1815Bismarck's government established German sickness, accident and old-age insurance during the 1880s, with the pension law following in 1889. These programmes treated specified risks as matters for compulsory insurance rather than private charity alone. Coverage initially centred on defined groups of…0i
  2. 2David Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd GeorgeBorn 17 Jan 1863Lloyd George steered Britain's 1911 National Insurance legislation, combining contributions from workers, employers and the state to provide protection against sickness and, in selected trades, unemployment. It created entitlements for insured workers rather than universal healthcare for everyone.…0i
  3. 3Winston ChurchillWinston ChurchillBorn 30 Nov 1874Churchill helped develop the unemployment-insurance proposals that became part of the 1911 National Insurance Act. The initial scheme covered selected industries exposed to unstable employment, using pooled contributions to support workers during spells without work. His contribution belongs beside…0i
  4. 4Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. RooseveltBorn 30 Jan 1882Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act in 1935, establishing federal old-age insurance alongside a federal-state unemployment system and assistance programmes. These were different instruments within one settlement, not a single universal benefit. Agricultural and domestic workers were initially…0i
  5. 5Frances PerkinsFrances PerkinsBorn 10 Apr 1880Perkins chaired Roosevelt's Committee on Economic Security and helped turn the idea of social insurance into the 1935 legislative programme. Her contribution was the sustained work of design, negotiation and advocacy behind old-age protection and unemployment insurance. She argued for broader…0i
  6. 6Clement AttleeClement AttleeBorn 3 Jan 1883Attlee's government enacted the 1946 National Insurance settlement and brought its expanded system into operation in 1948. It combined contributory protection for risks such as unemployment, sickness and retirement with separate assistance for people whose needs insurance did not meet. The…0i
  7. 7Jim GriffithsJim GriffithsBorn 19 Sept 1890As minister of national insurance, Griffiths piloted Britain's post-war insurance legislation and organised the administration needed to pay benefits. His work covered the general National Insurance scheme and a separate industrial-injuries framework. The specific contribution is delivery machinery…0i
  8. 8Ferdinand HanuschFerdinand HanuschHanusch coordinated Austria's early republican social reforms as the responsible minister from 1918 to 1920. Unemployment support developed into the 1920 unemployment-insurance law, alongside changes to sickness insurance and labour protection. His contribution shows institution-building during…0i
  9. 9Paul Martin Sr.Paul Martin Sr.Born 23 Jun 1903As Canada's health and welfare minister, Martin advanced the 1957 Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act. Federal cost-sharing encouraged provinces to offer public hospital insurance, building on provincial initiatives rather than creating a federally run hospital service. The risk covered…0i
  10. 10William Lyon Mackenzie KingWilliam Lyon Mackenzie KingBorn 17 Dec 1874King's government secured the constitutional change and legislation needed for Canada's unemployment-insurance programme in 1940, with implementation following in 1941. Provincial agreement mattered because an earlier federal attempt had failed on jurisdictional grounds. His case is about…0i