Items25The creator’s order
  1. 1Margaret ThatcherMargaret ThatcherBorn 13 Oct 1925Thatcher's government privatised British Telecom in 1984 and replaced its statutory monopoly with a regulated market. Selling shares and allowing competitors were separate decisions: ownership changed more quickly than effective competition across the network. This is a useful case for comparing…0i
  2. 2Ronald ReaganRonald ReaganBorn 6 Feb 1911Reagan removed remaining federal price and allocation controls on crude oil and petroleum products in January 1981. The decision accelerated a phase-out already begun under Jimmy Carter, rather than inventing oil-price deregulation. It offers a specific example of replacing administrative prices…0i
  3. 3Deng XiaopingDeng XiaopingBorn 22 Aug 1904Deng gave political backing to China's special economic zones, including the first zones established in 1980. They provided selected locations with greater scope for foreign investment, exports and market experiments before those arrangements spread more widely. The method was selective opening…0i
  4. 4Zhao ZiyangZhao ZiyangBorn 17 Oct 1919Zhao promoted experiments in Sichuan that gave farms and state enterprises more control over their decisions, then carried reform into national government as premier. Enterprise autonomy and retained profits introduced incentives within a system that still used planning and public ownership. His…0i
  5. 5Zhu RongjiZhu RongjiBorn 23 Oct 1928As premier from 1998, Zhu pressed the restructuring of China's state-owned enterprises, building on decisions made before he took office. The programme sought more commercially disciplined firms and reduced the state's direct involvement in many smaller enterprises while retaining control of major…0i
  6. 6Manmohan SinghManmohan SinghBorn 26 Sept 1932Singh's 1991 budget as India's finance minister formed part of a wider programme opening trade, investment and industry during a balance-of-payments crisis. His contribution included reducing protection and presenting a case for greater competition, with Prime Minister Narasimha Rao supplying…0i
  7. 7P. V. Narasimha RaoP. V. Narasimha RaoBorn 28 Jun 1921Rao's government adopted the July 1991 industrial policy that abolished industrial licensing for most industries while retaining specified exceptions. That changed whether firms needed central approval to establish or expand production. Read his case beside Manmohan Singh's to distinguish political…0i
  8. 8Ludwig ErhardLudwig ErhardBorn 4 Feb 1897Erhard championed the removal of many price controls in western Germany in 1948, alongside the currency reform organised by the occupying powers. That distinction matters: he was a central advocate of market pricing, not the sole designer of the new currency. The episode connects freer prices with…0i
  9. 9Roger DouglasRoger DouglasBorn 5 Dec 1937As New Zealand's finance minister from 1984, Douglas drove financial deregulation and the removal of many controls and subsidies. The dollar floated in 1985, shifting its price towards the foreign-exchange market. His programme changed several parts of the economy at once, which makes simple claims…0i
  10. 10David LangeDavid LangeBorn 4 Aug 1942Lange led the Labour government that passed New Zealand's State-Owned Enterprises Act, with the new framework taking effect in 1987. It shifted many trading activities into enterprises expected to operate commercially. Corporatisation was not itself the same as selling those enterprises, although…0i