Harold L. Ickes

Harold LeClair Ickes (March 15, 1874 – February 3, 1952) was an American administrator, politician and lawyer. He served as the United States secretary of the interior for nearly 13 years from 1933 to 1946, the longest tenure of anyone to hold the office, and the second longest-serving Cabinet member in U.S. history after James Wilson. Ickes and Labor Secretary Frances Perkins were the only original members of the Roosevelt Cabinet who remained in office for his entire presidency. Ickes was responsible for implementing many of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs. He was in charge of the Public Works Administration, a major relief program, and led the federal government's environmental efforts. In his day, he was considered a prominent liberal spokesman, a skillful orator and a noted supporter of many African-American causes, although he at times yielded to political expediency where state-level segregation was concerned. Before his national-level political career, in which he did remove segregation in areas of his direct control, he had been the president of the Chicago NAACP. Ickes supported an American invasion of Francoist Spain before the Allied invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch. Robert C. Weaver, who in 1966 became the first African-American person to hold a cabinet position in the U.S., was in the "Black Kitchen Cabinet", Ickes' group of advisers on race relations. Ickes was the father of Harold M. Ickes, who later served as White House Deputy Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton.

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