Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall began studying wild chimpanzees at Gombe in Tanzania in 1960 and soon observed them making and using tools, which forced scientists to rethink what made humans distinct. National Geographic films and her books such as In the Shadow of Man made her research world famous, and she spent her later decades lecturing almost constantly for conservation through her institute and the Roots and Shoots youth programme. She died in October 2025.