Richard Maponya

South Africa. Under apartheid, Black traders in townships were limited by law in what and where they could sell. Maponya started with a milk delivery round in Soweto in the 1950s, built a chain of shops and petrol stations despite repeated licence refusals, and spent decades trying to get permission for a shopping centre where Soweto residents could shop without travelling to white areas. Maponya Mall finally opened in 2007. He died in 2020.