Enrique Peñalosa

Peñalosa made TransMilenio a priority during his 1998–2000 Bogotá administration. A 1999 council decision enabled the public company, and the first services opened in December 2000. The model combined publicly organised bus corridors with contracted operations. Read him alongside Lerner to compare political adoption and adaptation: Bogotá drew on earlier busway experience, and its delivery involved municipal agencies, operators and the council, rather than a mayor inventing rapid buses alone.