Amadou Toumani Touré

Touré led Mali's transitional authorities after the 1991 overthrow of Moussa Traoré and handed power to elected president Alpha Oumar Konaré in June 1992. A national conference, new constitution and multiparty elections gave the transfer an institutional sequence beyond the original military intervention. Low turnout and conflict in the north complicated the process. His later elected presidency ended in a coup in 2012, a reminder that the successful 1992 handover did not permanently resolve civil-military relations.