Sun Yat-sen

China was never fully colonised, but Sun framed its revolution against the Qing dynasty and the foreign concessions as a struggle against semi-colonial domination. His Three Principles of the People, nationalism, democracy and "people's livelihood", mixed republicanism with land reform and state-led development, and both the Nationalists in Taiwan and the Communists on the mainland still claim him. That double inheritance makes him a useful study in how one programme can lead to rival futures.