Unité d'Habitation, Marseille

Le Corbusier, 1952. One long face of the block Marseille calls the Cité Radieuse, raised on massive concrete legs, with a grid of deep balconies picked out in color. Le Corbusier left the concrete as it came out of rough board formwork, béton brut or raw concrete, the phrase usually credited with giving brutalism its name. Inside are 337 apartments and a shopping street halfway up, and the roof terrace holds a nursery school and space for exercise: a whole neighborhood stacked into one slab. Nearly every later housing block in this gallery owes it something. It joined UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2016 with other Le Corbusier works.