Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov, white-bearded and seated at the center, gathers with his co-workers in his laboratory in 1922, while a dog stands in a harness on the bench at the left. That harnessed dog is the real subject of the room: animals held this way were the basis of Pavlov's research on digestion and on the conditioned reflexes that made his name. The picture was taken during a visit by Horsley Gantt, then with the American Relief Administration in Petrograd, who later returned to work in Pavlov's laboratory.