Monaco

A prince who alone proposes laws, and a parliament of citizens only Monaco's 24-member National Council is elected only by Monégasque citizens, roughly 7,500 of whom were called to vote in 2023, a minority of the people who live there. The Council votes on laws and the budget and ratifies treaties, but only the Prince can initiate legislation, and he may dissolve the Council provided fresh elections follow within three months. Government is run by a Minister of State answerable to the Prince rather than to parliament. It shows how a constitutional monarchy can keep the monarch, not the legislature, at the centre of lawmaking.