Peter Kropotkin

A prince turned geographer, Kropotkin answered social Darwinism on its own ground: Mutual Aid (1902) gathered evidence from animals and human history to argue that cooperation, not competition, drives survival. His anarchist communism would abolish both wages and the state, distributing goods by need through federated communes. Read The Conquest of Bread for the practical version; his later support for the Allies in 1914 split the anarchist movement.