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Solenostomus paradoxus
The broad fins, little skin filaments and narrow snout can look like a lacy piece of seaweed. It often hangs head-down, so the eye and tip of the snout may be lower than you expect when you try to separate it from its surroundings.
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Flustra foliacea
Hornwrack forms flat, forked blades that look like brown seaweed attached to rock. A closer look shows that the blades are made of repeated little compartments. Each living colony is made up of many tiny animals.
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Antedon bifida
A rosy feather star can resemble a small fern with all its arms spread in flowing water. The feather-like side branches are part of how it catches food. Look for the way the arms curl and the animal grips the surface rather than growing roots.
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Metacrinus rotundus
A long stalk and a crown of finely branched arms make this sea lily look like a plant. The arms collect food in moving water. Follow their outline back to the stalk and you can see why the resemblance is strongest while the animal holds one place.
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Taenianotus
A flat body and a tall, ragged dorsal fin can read as a hanging leaf. Its sideways swaying adds to the effect. Watch for a rounded eye near the front and the small fins that set its outline apart from actual leaves or algae.
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Tasselled wobbegong
Look near the mouth of this bottom-dwelling shark for a ragged fringe of waxy-looking skin, like a piece of branching seaweed. The flattened body sits very close to the reef. The fringe breaks up the edge of the head and can disguise where the animal begins.
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Amazon leaffish
The dead-leaf profile helps this freshwater fish go unnoticed in slow water. A little projection near the lower lip can look like a leaf stalk. Look for the fine movement of the fins as it holds its body at an angle.
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Amazon mata mata
Its flattened head, textured shell and thin snout give this South American freshwater turtle the outline of old submerged plant debris. The shell is much easier to miss than the little eyes and tapered nose when you know where to look.
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Loxorhynchus crispatus
This decorator crab makes the disguise stronger by attaching bits of organisms to itself. What looks like a moving tuft may be a crab holding its covering in place. Find the walking legs extending out from the mass to break the illusion.
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