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HomeExploreBusinessFamous Factories That Changed Industry
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At Lingotto, finished cars could go straight to the rooftop test track. At Cromford, water drove a new kind of cotton mill. These photographs show factories whose buildings and machinery tell the story of how production changed, from early textile mills to aircraft assembly halls.

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1
Cromford Mill
Cromford Mill: Cromford, Derbyshire, England The stone mill buildings enclose the yard. Richard Arkwright’s mill opened…
2
Highland Park Ford Plant
Highland Park Ford Plant: Highland Park, Michigan The long window bays mark the scale of Ford’s Highland Park plant…
3
Ford River Rouge complex
Ford River Rouge complex: Dearborn, Michigan The aerial view shows how much land Ford devoted to one complex. At the Rouge…
4
Lingotto
Lingotto: Turin, Italy The 1966 aerial photograph shows the banked turns of Fiat’s test track on the roof of the Lingotto…
5
Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex
Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex: Essen, Germany The aerial view takes in Shaft XII and the buildings around it. The…
6
Fagus Factory
Fagus Factory: Alfeld, Germany Glass wraps the corner of the factory, a striking amount of window for an early…
7
Volkswagen Transparent Factory
Volkswagen Transparent Factory: Dresden, Germany The aerial view shows the glass walls that give this factory its name…
8
Hershey Chocolate Factory
Hershey Chocolate Factory: Hershey, Pennsylvania The long buildings of the original factory fill this view. Hershey began…
9
Boeing Everett Factory
Boeing Everett Factory: Everett, Washington A Boeing 787 takes shape on the production floor. Everett built the 747 for…
10
Tomioka Silk Mill
Tomioka Silk Mill: Tomioka, Gunma, Japan The machines in the reeling room show the factory’s business end. The mill opened…
11
New Lanark
New Lanark, Scotland The cotton mill is one part of the settlement built around textile work. In the early nineteenth…
12
Salts Mill
Salts Mill: Saltaire, West Yorkshire, England The mill’s long stone frontage gives an idea of the space devoted to textile…
13
Vemork
Vemork: Rjukan, Norway The old power station sits in the steep valley above Rjukan. It was part of a larger system that…
14
Boott Cotton Mills
Boott Cotton Mills: Lowell, Massachusetts The brick mill complex shows how textile production reshaped the banks of the…
15
Tata Steel Jamshedpur Works
Tata Steel Jamshedpur Works: Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India The works spread across the skyline in this view from Golmuri…
16
Ford Piquette Avenue Plant
Ford Piquette Avenue Plant: Detroit, Michigan Rows of windows light the upper floors of the brick factory where Ford…
17
Toyota Honsha Plant
Toyota Honsha Plant: Toyota, Aichi, Japan This aerial photograph shows Toyota’s main plant, originally called the Koromo…
18
Bethlehem Steel Works
Bethlehem Steel Works: Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Two huge cylinders and the walkways between them show the size of the…
19
Soho Foundry
Soho Foundry: Smethwick, England The old works recall a shift in how steam engines were made. Boulton and Watt set up the…
20
Santa Laura Saltpeter Works
Santa Laura Saltpeter Works: Tarapacá, Chile The surviving leaching plant rises above the Atacama Desert floor. Workers…

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