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Gray mouse lemur
The gray mouse lemur shows how small a lemur can be. It forages at night in Madagascar and can lower its body temperature and metabolism for hours at a time, a form of energy saving called torpor. IUCN status: Least Concern.
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Red ruffed lemur
A much larger lemur from Madagascar’s eastern rainforests, the red ruffed lemur can carry pollen in its thick facial ruff when it feeds at flowers. Mothers leave their young in nests while they look for food. IUCN status: Critically Endangered.
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Red slender loris
The red slender loris is a nocturnal Sri Lankan primate with thin limbs and almost no visible tail. It grips small branches and reaches for insects. Its huge eyes make it look a little like a tarsier, but lorises share a more recent ancestor with lemurs than with tarsiers. IUCN status: Endangered.
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Sunda slow loris
The Sunda slow loris is a stockier Southeast Asian relative of the slender loris. Its careful grip lets it move slowly along branches. Its bite can deliver venom, an unusual defense among mammals. IUCN status: Endangered.
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Senegal bushbaby
This African bushbaby is closer to lorises than to tarsiers, even though it can leap between branches in a way that resembles a tarsier. Long hind limbs supply the push, and the long tail helps with balance. IUCN status: Least Concern.
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Horsfield's tarsier
Horsfield’s tarsier clings upright to stems and launches itself with long hind feet. Its name comes from the elongated bones in the ankle region. Tarsiers are on the same major branch as monkeys and apes, even if their nighttime habits and huge eyes look more like a bushbaby’s. IUCN status: Vulnerable.
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Common marmoset
This small Brazilian monkey uses its lower front teeth to gouge bark and lap up the gum that seeps out. Its claws help it cling to vertical trunks. Watch the front teeth and hands together to see what makes this branch of New World monkeys distinctive. IUCN status: Least Concern.
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White-faced saki
This South American monkey often leaps from an upright position on a tree trunk. The male usually has a pale mask and dark coat, while a female looks much grayer. Sakis can process hard seeds, a very different way of feeding from the common marmoset’s bark gouging. IUCN status: Least Concern.
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Southern muriqui
The southern muriqui of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest can grip branches with its tail while moving or feeding overhead. That is one of the most visible contrasts with Old World monkeys, which have no grasping tails. IUCN status: Critically Endangered.
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De Brazza's monkey
The orange brow and white beard are clues to this African guenon, one of the Old World monkeys. It is often found in forest near water and can swim. Its long tail goes with it through the trees but does not grip branches like a muriqui’s. IUCN status: Least Concern.
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Common patas monkey
The long limbs of a patas monkey make sense when you see one on the ground. In African grassland and open woodland, it can run to escape danger. It shows how differently two Old World monkeys can move, even within the same family. IUCN status: Near Threatened.
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Lar gibbon
The white-handed gibbon is an ape with no tail. Long arms let it swing from handhold to handhold through the canopy. Pairs are also known for coordinated calls, which can carry through the forest even when the animals themselves are hidden. IUCN status: Endangered.
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Sumatran orangutan
The Sumatran orangutan is a great ape that spends much of its life above ground. Its long reach helps it move across branches, and it makes sleeping nests in trees. It is one of three living orangutan species, distinct from the one on Borneo and the Tapanuli orangutan elsewhere on Sumatra. IUCN status: Critically Endangered.
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Western gorilla
The western gorilla is a great ape like the orangutan, but it typically moves on all fours on the ground, bearing weight on its knuckles. Fruit can be important in its diet. The animal pictured is a western lowland gorilla, one of the two subspecies. IUCN status: Critically Endangered.
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