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Jaguar
A jaguar can move from the forest floor into a river without leaving its hunting grounds. Its powerful limbs make it a strong swimmer, and it takes aquatic prey such as caimans and turtles. Its rosettes also break up its outline when it moves through patchy shade.
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Goliath birdeater
The Goliath birdeater spends much of its time near a silk-lined burrow, often with roots or rocks providing shelter. The hairs on its body help it pick up vibrations as prey moves nearby. Those hairs also play a part in defense, when the tarantula can shed some of them toward a threat.
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Arapaima gigas
An arapaima can breathe air from the surface of Amazon floodplain waters. Its modified swim bladder functions as an air-breathing organ, helping it live where dissolved oxygen runs low. Even in water, this fish has a reason to keep returning to the surface.
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Green anaconda
A green anaconda can wait almost entirely below the water. Its eyes and nostrils sit high on its head, so it can see and breathe with very little of its body above the surface. In the flooded lowlands it can approach prey from water instead of moving through dense undergrowth.
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Kinkajou
A kinkajou can hang from its prehensile tail while it feeds among the branches. Its long tongue reaches nectar inside flowers, and pollen stuck to its face can travel to the next flower it visits. Much of this work happens after dark.
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Giant otter
Giant otters live in family groups that use rivers, lakes, and seasonally flooded forest. In some places they move into flooded forest when water rises. A riverbank that seems to mark the edge of their range in the dry season may disappear under water for part of the year.
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Common silky anteater
A common silky anteater searches the branches at night for tree-dwelling ants. Its tail can grip a branch and its curved foreclaws help it open nests. A tiny anteater can make a living high in the forest with little reason to go down to the ground.
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Binturong
A binturong moves along branches with a tail that can grip like an extra limb. It eats fruit including figs, carrying seeds away from the tree that produced them. The branch routes it takes through the forest also move seeds through that part of the canopy.
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Sun bear
A sun bear can climb high into a tree with curved claws that grip the bark. A long tongue helps it reach insects or honey in narrow spaces. The combination makes it possible to feed in the same trunks and branches it uses to climb.
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Okapi
An okapi curls its long tongue around twigs to draw leaves toward its mouth. The technique suits a browser picking through understory growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. That reach helps it strip leaves while keeping its head among dense branches.
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African forest elephant
African forest elephants swallow fruit and carry seeds through the Congo Basin in their dung. That journey can take seeds far from the parent tree. Elephants can also carry some large seeds that other forest animals tend to drop or destroy.
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Western lowland gorilla
A western lowland gorilla can switch from fruit to fibrous stems and leaves as the season changes. Some groups feed on aquatic plants in swampy forest clearings. Their food supply can look very different in a clearing and inside the forest around it.
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Aye-aye
The aye-aye taps along branches with its thin middle finger and listens for hollow tunnels. When it finds one, it gnaws an opening and hooks out the larva with the same finger. A branch that looks empty can hold a meal for this nocturnal lemur.
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Golden bamboo lemur
A golden bamboo lemur eats shoots from bamboo that contains chemicals that can release cyanide. It lives in Madagascar’s eastern rainforest and feeds on a plant many other mammals would have difficulty using in the same way. How it deals with that diet is still an open question.
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Uroplatus phantasticus
The satanic leaf-tailed gecko can look like a scrap of dead foliage. The flattened tail has irregular edges, and thin lines on the body resemble leaf veins. In the trees of eastern Madagascar, its camouflage can let the gecko sit in view by day and stay difficult to spot.
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Lowland streaked tenrec
A lowland streaked tenrec searches the damp forest floor of eastern Madagascar for earthworms. It can rub a set of specialized quills on its back together to make a sound. The quills are part of how the animals communicate without using their voices.
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Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo
Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo can grip branches with long, curved claws. Its strong forelimbs and long tail help it move and balance where a ground-dwelling kangaroo would have little room to hop. It makes much of its living among the leaves of Queensland’s tropical forests.
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Musky rat-kangaroo
A musky rat-kangaroo sometimes carries fruits and seeds away and hides them under leaf litter. Unrecovered seeds can germinate where it cached them. The small marsupial can spread rainforest plants without ever leaving the forest floor.
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Victoria's riflebird
A male Victoria’s riflebird opens both wings into an arch during his courtship display. His dark plumage and flashes of iridescence change as he moves on the perch. The display turns an ordinary branch in Queensland rainforest into a stage.
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