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Wolf
The gray wolf usually looks heavier through the muzzle and shoulders than a coyote, with ears that appear smaller in proportion to its head. Color varies widely. Wolves live across parts of North America and Eurasia, and a pack is often a family with young from more than one year.
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Coyote
Look for a narrow muzzle, large pointed ears, and a tail that generally hangs low when it moves. Coyotes live in many North American habitats, including open country and cities. They can hunt small prey and take advantage of other foods when available.
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Ethiopian wolf
A rusty coat, white throat, and long pointed muzzle set this wolf apart. Its habitat is high in the Ethiopian mountains. Pack members share and defend a territory, but often go out alone to catch rodents on the open ground.
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African wild dog
Large rounded ears and irregular patches of black, tan, and white are two ways to recognize this wild dog. Its coat pattern varies from one dog to the next. On African grasslands and in open woodland, members of a pack can hunt together.
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Dhole
The dhole is a reddish wild dog with rounded ears and a bushy, usually dark tail. Across its Asian range, dholes can use calls that sound like whistles to keep contact. That sound carries when pack members are hard to see among trees or brush.
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Maned wolf
Black legs lift its red body above tall South American grass. The mane along its neck can stand up, making the animal look even taller. Small prey is part of its diet, but so is a fruit known as the wolf apple.
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Bush dog
A low, stocky body with short legs and a short tail gives the bush dog a different profile from most wild dogs. It lives in Central and South America and swims well, helped by partial webbing between its toes.
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Common raccoon dog
A dark mask gives this East Asian canid its raccoon-like face. Its body is shaggy and its tail is short and unringed. The continental species has also established populations in Europe after introductions.
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Gray fox
A gray back and rusty sides help separate this fox from a red fox. Look for a black streak along the top of the tail and a dark tip. In wooded and brushy habitats, the gray fox can climb trees.
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Red fox
A red fox often has dark lower legs and a white tip on its brushy tail. The white tip is a useful clue because the coat can vary from reddish to much darker colors. The species uses habitats from farmland edges to cities.
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Arctic fox
Small ears and a compact body help conserve heat on the tundra. Some Arctic foxes replace their brownish summer coat with a white winter one, while the darker blue form stays dark through the winter.
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Fennec fox
Huge ears make the fennec look larger than it is. They help give off heat and pick up the movements of prey in the desert. Fur on the soles offers some protection when it walks across hot sand.
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Bat-eared fox
The ears are large even by fox standards. They help this African canid locate insects, including termites, that make up a large part of its diet. A bat-eared fox can pause and listen for prey it cannot yet see.
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Swift fox
Look for a small, pale fox with a black tail tip on the shortgrass and mixed-grass prairies of the Great Plains. That dark tip helps distinguish it from a larger red fox, which has a white tip. Swift foxes use dens year-round for shelter as well as for raising their young.
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Black-backed jackal
A dark saddle over the back stands out against the reddish sides. In eastern and southern Africa, black-backed jackals make use of open habitats and varied food, including small animals and carrion.
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